7 Types of Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Manage Them

Understanding Eczema and Its Many Forms

Eczema is not a one-size-fits-all condition. While most people associate eczema with dry, itchy skin, there are actually several types, each with its own triggers, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Understanding which type you or your child may have is the first step in finding relief.

In this guide, we explore the seven most common types of eczema, their causes, and the best ways to manage them.

1. Atopic Dermatitis

Most common type, often linked to genetics

Atopic dermatitis is the most well-known form of eczema, typically beginning in infancy or childhood. It is often linked to a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever. This type results from a weakened skin barrier that allows moisture to escape, making the skin more susceptible to irritants and allergens.

Symptoms:

Dry, red, and itchy skin

Inflammation, often on the face, hands, elbows, and knees

Flare-ups triggered by allergens, weather changes, or stress

Management:

Keep the skin well-moisturised with gentle, non-irritating creams

Avoid harsh soaps and detergents

Identify and minimise exposure to common allergens

2. Contact Dermatitis

Caused by direct contact with irritants or allergens

This form of eczema occurs when the skin reacts to an external substance. There are two types: irritant contact dermatitis, triggered by harsh chemicals, and allergic contact dermatitis, caused by allergens like nickel, fragrances, or certain plants.

Symptoms:

Red, inflamed skin

Itching, burning, or stinging

In some cases, blisters or swelling

Management:

Identify and avoid triggers

Use protective gloves when handling irritants

Apply soothing, barrier-repairing skincare

3. Dyshidrotic Eczema

Small, itchy blisters on the hands and feet

Dyshidrotic eczema primarily affects the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet. The exact cause is unknown, but it is often linked to stress, sweating, or exposure to metals like nickel.

Symptoms:

Fluid-filled blisters that cause intense itching

Skin may crack or peel as blisters heal

Flare-ups triggered by humidity or stress

Management:

Keep hands and feet dry

Use mild, non-irritating moisturisers

Avoid known irritants such as nickel

4. Nummular Eczema

Round, coin-shaped patches of irritated skin

Nummular eczema, also called discoid eczema, often develops after an injury, insect bite, or excessively dry skin. It tends to be more stubborn than other forms of eczema.

Symptoms:

Round, scaly patches of skin

Severe itching and inflammation

Can appear anywhere on the body, but often affects the legs and arms

Management:

Apply thick, hydrating creams to lock in moisture

Use gentle skincare products without harsh detergents

Avoid hot showers that can further dry the skin

5. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

Affects oily areas like the scalp, face, and chest

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is caused by an overgrowth of yeast on the skin, leading to inflammation and excess oil production. It is commonly known as cradle cap in infants and dandruff in adults.

Symptoms:

Greasy, yellowish patches with flaky skin

Redness and irritation, especially around the scalp, eyebrows, and nose

Can worsen in colder weather

Management:

Use a mild, anti-fungal shampoo or cleanser

Avoid harsh hair and skincare products

Keep the skin hydrated without using heavy oils

6. Stasis Dermatitis

Linked to poor circulation, often in the lower legs

Stasis dermatitis occurs when blood flow in the lower legs is impaired, often due to varicose veins or other circulation issues.

Symptoms:

Swollen, discoloured skin, usually around the ankles

Itchiness, dryness, and scaling

Skin may feel tight or uncomfortable

Management:

Elevate the legs to improve circulation

Use compression stockings if advised by a healthcare professional

Keep the skin moisturised to prevent cracking

7. Neurodermatitis

The itch-scratch cycle driven by stress

Neurodermatitis begins with an itchy patch of skin that worsens due to repeated scratching. It is often triggered by stress, anxiety, or other neurological factors.

Symptoms:

Thickened, leathery patches of skin

Intense itching, often worse at night

Commonly affects the neck, wrists, ankles, and inner arms

Management:

Break the itch-scratch cycle by keeping skin covered

Reduce stress through relaxation techniques

Apply soothing, "anti-itch" creams

Which Type of Eczema Do You Have?

While all forms of eczema share common symptoms, their causes and management approaches vary. Understanding your triggers and skin needs is essential for effective care.

At Earthwoven, we focus on skincare that supports the skin barrier with gentle, nourishing ingredients. If you have eczema-prone skin, explore our range of soothing, science-backed skincare products formulated for sensitive skin.